On social capital, creative class, emancipative values, and the rising far-right
Sobre capital social, classe criativa, valores emancipativos e o crescente populismo de extrema-direita
Resumo
Putnam (1995), Florida (2002) and Welzel (2013) have at least one common argument: social capital, in the way we knew it, is dying. According to new theories, it is being replaced by a different mode of interaction, marked by weak-ties relationships and benign individualism. If that’s true, why is far-right populism becoming so strong in Western democracies? This paper does not aim at creating a new theory or at presenting a final answer for this question but rather at pointing out at why Florida’s and Welzel’s theories didn’t anticipate the rise of a 21st century mode of populism. As a core concluding element, I highlight the unforeseen triggering role played by increasing emancipative values in the mobilization of the now far-right electorate.
Downloads
Referências
Alemán, J., Woods, D., 2016. Value Orientations from the World Values Survey: How Comparable Are They Cross-Nationally? Comparative Political Studies 49, 1039–1067.
Bates, W., 2014. Where are emancipative values taking us? Policy 30, 12–21.
Enyedi, Z., 2016. Paternalist populism and illiberal elitism in Central Europe. Journal of Political Ideologies 21, 9–25.
Florida, R., 2012. The Rise of the Creative Class, Revisited. Basic Books, New York.
Florida, R., 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class. Basic Books, New York.
Glaeser, E., 2012. Triumph of the City. Pan Books, Oxford.
Glaeser, E., 2004. Book Review of Richard Florida’s “The Rise of the Creative Class”. Manuscript.
Grimm, R., 2015. The rise of the German Eurosceptic Party Alternative für Deutschland, between ordoliberal critique and popular anxiety. International Political Science Review 36, 264–278.
Malanga, S., 2004. The curse of the creative class. City Journal 14, 36–45.
Mayer, N., 2013. From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right. Parliamentary Affairs 66, 160–178.
Norris, P., 2005. Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Putnam, R., 1995. Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital. Journal of Democracy 6, 65–78.
Vossen, K., 2011. Classifying Wilders: The Ideological Development of Geert Wilders and His Party for Freedom. Politics 31, 179–189.
Welzel, C., 2013. Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Welzel, C., Alvarez, A., 2014. Enlightening People: The Spark of Emancipative Values, in: The Civic Culture Transformed: From Allegiant to Assertive Citizens. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 59–88.
Welzel, C., Inglehart, R., 2016. Misconceptions of Measurement Equivalence: Time for a Paradigm Shift. Comparative Political Studies 49, 1068–1094.
World Values Survey Association, 2015. World Values Survey Wave 6 2010-2014: Official Aggregate v. 20150418.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2.Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3.Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).