A flexibilidade das táticas do Vietnã em relação ao QUAD no final do mandato do presidente dos EUA, D.Trump
Palavras-chave:
Vietnã, EUA, Quad, Militarização, Táticas Estrangeiras
Resumo
A restauração do Quad Allies (Quad) em 2020 mostra as mudanças no tamanho e na qualidade do Quad no último mandato do presidente dos EUA, Donald Trump. Em particular, a possibilidade de expandir a adesão deste bloco (sob a estrutura Quad +) está se tornando mais preocupante, pois os quatro países membros do Quad incentivam o Vietnã a aprimorar as interações bilaterais e multilaterais. Este artigo analisa os principais movimentos na interação entre o Vietnã e o Quad em particular, e dentro do Quad em geral. As duas principais metodologias utilizadas no artigo são a pesquisa de motivação (nas partes 1 e 2) e a abordagem de rastreamento (na parte 2). O artigo será estruturado em 3 partes: A Parte 1 se concentra em esclarecer as principais tendências do Quad por meio do principal movimento das interações intrarregionais por meio da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores do Quad (4 a 6 de outubro de 2020), A Parte 2 se concentra sobre a discussão da tática do Vietnã para reduzir as restrições por meio de interações dinâmicas com o Quad ampliado (Quad +), e a Parte 3 fornece recomendações para a política externa do Vietnã em relação ao Quad no futuro próximo.
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Lao Dong Newspaper. (2020). “Việt Nam thông tin về việc tham gia điện đàm “Bộ tứ kim cương mở rộng” [Vietnam's information about participating in the phone call "The Diamond Quad"]. https://laodong.vn/the-gioi/viet-nam-thong-tin-ve-viec-tham-gia-dien-dam-bo-tu-kim-cuong-mo-rong-805419.ldo, access 16 August 2021.
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U.S. Department of State. (2019a). “Blue Dot Network”. https://www.state.gov/blue-dot-network/, access 17 August 2021.
U.S. Department of State. (2019b). “Readout of U.S.-Australia-India-Japan Ministerial”. https://2017-2021.state.gov/readout-of-u-s-australia-india-japan-ministerial-the-quad/index.html, access 17 August 2021.
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“GOP 'Attack China' playbook, earlier virus deaths hint at larger US disinformation campaign”. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1186696.shtml, access 23 August 2021
Humeyra Pamuk - Andrea Shalal. (2020). “Trump administration pushing to rip global supply chains from China: officials”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-china/trump-administration-pushing-to-rip-global-supply-chains-from-china-officials-idUSKBN22G0BZ, access 23 August 2021.
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Kyodo News. (2020). “Japan, U.S. agree to work on alternative to Aegis Ashore plan”. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/10/159accfe7c2b-japan-us-agree-to-work-on-alternative-to-aegis-ashore-plan.html, access 27 August 2021.
Jagannath Panda. (2019). “‘JAI’, the Quad and China: Understanding the Undercurrents”. German Institute for International and Security Affairs. https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/projekt_papiere/BCAS_2019_Panda_Quad_and_China.pdf, access 4 September 2021.
Jagannath Panda. (2020). “India and the ‘Quad Plus’ Dialogue”. RUSI. https://rusi.org/commentary/india-strategic-quad, access 4 September 2021.
Jennifer Lyn. (2020). “US Blue Dot Network to counter China’s BRI”. Asia Times. https://asiatimes.com/2020/05/us-blue-dot-network-to-counter-chinas-bri/, access 4 September 2021.
Jyoti Malhotra. (2020). “China is feeling the heat over Covid-19 — from Japan to Australia. But India’s hands are full”. The Print. https://theprint.in/opinion/global-print/china-is-feeling-the-heat-over-covid-19-from-japan-to-australia-but-indias-hands-are-full/401126/, access 4 September 2021.
Leigh Hartman. (2020). “What is the Blue Dot Network for infrastructure financing?”. US Bureau of Global Public Affairs. https://share.america.gov/what-is-blue-dot-network-for-infrastructure-financing/, access 6 September 2021.
Mk Bhadrakumar. (2020). “India gains nothing from an ‘Asian NATO’”. Times of India. https://asiatimes.com/2020/09/india-gains-nothing-from-an-asian-nato/, access 6 September 2021.
Natalie Huet. (2020). “UN chief warns over threat of new Cold War between US and China”. Euro News. https://www.euronews.com/2020/09/22/un-chief-warns-over-threat-of-new-cold-war-between-us-and-china, access 6 September 2021.
Nguyen Nham. (2020). “Tham gia “Bộ tứ mở rộng” có là cơ hội cho Việt Nam?” [Is joining the “Expanded Quartet” an opportunity for Vietnam?]. Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper. https://dangcongsan.vn/cung-ban-luan/tham-gia-bo-tu-mo-rong-co-la-co-hoi-cho-viet-nam-555568.html, access 10 September 2021.
Nhat Dang. (2020). “Mỹ tái cấu trúc chuỗi cung ứng ?” [The US restructures the supply chain?]. Tuoi Tre Newspaper. https://tuoitre.vn/my-tai-cau-truc-chuoi-cung-ung-20200506085535756.htm, access 10 September 2021.
Peter Mccawley. (2019). “Connecting the dots on the Blue Dot Network”. The Interpreter. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/connecting-dots-blue-dot-network, access 10 September 2021.
Phuong Anh. (2018). “Mỹ tuyên bố áp thuế 25% với 50 tỷ USD hàng hóa Trung Quốc” [The US announced to impose 25% tariffs on $50 billion of Chinese goods]. VOV. https://vov.vn/the-gioi/my-tuyen-bo-ap-thue-25-voi-50-ty-usd-hang-hoa-trung-quoc-775206.vov, access 11 September 2021.
Rajat Pandit. (2011). “India snubs trilateral security pact with Australia, US to check China”. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-snubs-trilateral-security-pact-with-australia-us-to-check-china/articleshow/10954852.cms, access 11 September 2021.
Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan. (2020). “Australia-Japan-India Trilateral Sets Sights on Supply Chain Resilience”. The Diplomat.
Sachin Parashar. (2020). “India hopes Russia will join Indo-Pacific with Japan trilateral”. The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-hopes-russia-will-join-indo-pacific-with-japan-trilateral/articleshow/77450048.cms, access 12 September 2021.
Sanjeev Miglani - Kirsty Needham. (2020). “Australia will join naval drills involving India, U.S., Japan”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/india-military-exercises-idUSKBN2741J1, access 12 September 2021.
Shishir Gupta. (2020). “India-US 2 plus 2 on Oct 26-27, geospatial pact BECA to be signed”. The Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/third-india-us-2-2-talks-likely-on-october-26-27-pact-on-geo/story-fSBiUWocOwIZ9wfgzw8d4K.html, access 12 September 2021.
Thu Hang. (2019). “Chiến tranh công nghệ: Trung Quốc thiệt trước mắt, Mỹ thua đường dài”. News. https://baotintuc.vn/phan-tichnhan-dinh/chien-tranh-cong-nghe-trung-quoc-thiet-truoc-mat-my-thua-duong-dai-20191221084757337.htm, access 12 September 2021.
Tanvi Madan. (2020). “Emerging global issues: The China-India boundary crisis and its implications” .Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/emerging-global-issues-the-china-india-boundary-crisis-and-its-implications/, access 15 September 2021.
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Publicado
23-07-2023
Como Citar
Dang, B. H., Hiep, & Tuan, L. M. (2023). A flexibilidade das táticas do Vietnã em relação ao QUAD no final do mandato do presidente dos EUA, D.Trump. Estudos Internacionais: Revista De relações Internacionais Da PUC Minas, 10(3), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2022v10n3p21-33
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