THE ‘EMPTY ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTION’ IN THE WORK OF MACHIAVELLI

Resumo

The theme of anthropology, in Machiavellian work, is the source of various discussions and contradictions. In this article, we will dedicate ourselves the task of arguing that there is, in Machiavellian thought, an 'empty anthropological conception', which is not constituted as 'systematic anthropology', but acts as a guideline for a realistic political discussion in view of government needs. Our first step is to briefly point out a classical and medieval tradition, this last Christian, which establish a fixed and universal anthropological paradigm. Then we will turn to Machiavellian thought, seeking to demonstrate that: I – there is no fixed anthropological content; II – there is a distinction in the discussion about an alleged human nature and a political sphere; III – there is a 'politicization' of the concepts of 'evil' and 'good', surpassing the theological 'evil'; Finally, IV – there is an original political formulation of feelings of passion, desire and ambition. The originality of Machiavellian thought is exactly in the promulgation of an 'empty anthropological conception' without fixed content, which can be used as an application to political discussion in view of the needs imposed on the political body and forms of government.