ENXERTO GENGIVAL LIVRE COMO ABORDAGEM PARA O AUMENTO DA FAIXA DE GENGIVA / MUCOSA QUERATINIZADA revisão de literatura

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Nathália França Ferreira
Maria Luiza Albuquerque Ferreira de Paula
Amanda Gonçalves Franco
Alexandre Godinho Pereira
Bernardo de Carvalho Dutra
Ana Paula de Carvalho Fonseca Cruz

Resumen

A mucosa queratinizada exerce papel relevante na proteção, estabilidade tecidual e manutenção da saúde periodontal e peri-implantar, além de contribuir para a estética e o conforto do paciente. Embora estudos clássicos defendam a necessidade de pelo menos 2 mm de gengiva queratinizada para preservar a saúde periodontal, pesquisas recentes indicam que sua ausência não inviabiliza a manutenção clínica quando há controle rigoroso de biofilme, ainda que aumente o risco de inflamação e recessões. O enxerto gengival livre (EGL) é considerado o padrão-ouro para o aumento desse tecido, mostrando previsibilidade clínica e resultados funcionais e estéticos duradouros. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da perda ou dano da mucosa queratinizada, discutir as técnicas disponíveis para seu aumento e avaliar as vantagens e desvantagens do EGL. A revisão da literatura apresenta aspectos fundamentais da mucosa queratinizada e da técnica de EGL, destacando suas indicações, prognóstico e desafios clínicos.

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