Economic Embargo as an Instrument of us Foreign Policy:

the Case of Contemporary Venezuela

Authors

  • Lucas Edgardo Pordeus Leon Universidade de Brasília
  • Pedro Henrique de Moraes Cicero Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5752/P.1809-6182.2022v19n2p74-81

Keywords:

US/Venezuela Relations, Economic Embargo, Foreign policy

Abstract

The article examines the consolidation of the economic embargo imposed by the US on Venezuela. The legal provisions and the dimensions that consolidated the aforementioned US foreign policy action are analyzed, including the first months of the government led by Joseph R. Biden.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Lucas Edgardo Pordeus Leon, Universidade de Brasília

Possui graduação em Comunicação Social - Jornalismo pela Universidade de Brasília (2011).

Atualmente, está em fase de finalização do mestrando no Programa de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado Acadêmico e Doutorado) em Ciências Sociais - Estudos Comparados sobre as Américas (PPGECsA), na Universidade de Brasília (UnB). 

Pedro Henrique de Moraes Cicero, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Graduado em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (2005) e graduado em Direito pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (2008). Mestre (2010) e doutor (2015) em Ciência Política pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Professor de Relações Internacionais no Instituto de Economia e Relações Internacionais da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (Adjunto, nível IV, dedicação exclusiva). Docente permanente do Programa de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado Acadêmico) em Relações Internacionais na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia(PPGRI/UFU). Docente Colaborador no Programa de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado Acadêmico e Doutorado) em Ciências Sociais - Estudos Comparados sobre as Américas (PPG/ECsA/UnB). 

References

ASTARITA, R. Renta petrolera y capitalismo de Estado en Venezuela. La balsa de piedra, nº 6, 2014.

BAHAR, D. Impact of the 2017 sanctions on Venezuela: Revisiting the evidence. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/impact-of-the-2017-sanctions-on-venezuela_final.pdf

BARTLETT, J.; OPHEL, M. Sanctions by the Numbers: Spotlight on Venezuela. Center for a New American Security. Washington, DC. 22 Jun. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/sanctions-by-the-numbers-3.

CASTILLO, W. Cinco mitos del bloqueo a Venezuela y la respuesta Antibloqueo de la Revolución Bolivariana. TeCs Tertulias en Cuarentena. 27 mar. 2021. Disponível em https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COleRq8Xioc. Acesso em 14 abr. 2022.

CEPAL. República Bolivariana de Venezuela: PIB e inflación 2017- 2019. Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/46501-balance-preliminar-economias-america-latina-caribe-2020. Acesso em 14 abr. 2022.

GAO (UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ACCONTABILITY OFFICE). Additional Tracking
Could Aid Treasury’s Efforts to Mitigate Any Adverse Impacts U.S. Sanctions Might Have on Humanitarian Assistance. Report to Congressional Requesters. Fev. 2021

IYER, L.; RODRÍGUEZ, F. Hyperinflation in Venezuela. Keough School of Global Affairs Case Study Series. South Bend, IN: Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, 2021.
Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.7274/r0-z7wm-f385.

MONALDI, F. The collapse of the Venezuelan oil industry and its global consequences. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, 2018.

OLIVEIROS, L. Impacto de Las Sanciones Financeiras y Petroleiras Sobre la Economia Venezolana. WOLA. Washington, D.C. Out. de 2020. Disponível em: https://www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Oliveros-informe-completo-2.pdf.

RODRÍGUEZ, F. Crude Realities: Understanding Venezuela’s Economic Collapse. WOLA. Washington, D.C. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.venezuelablog.org/crude-realities-understanding-venezuelas-economic-collapse/.

RODRIGUEZ, F. Sanctions and the Venezuelan Economy: What the Data Say. Nova York: Torino Economics, 2019.

ROMERO, C.A. Biden y Venezuela: entre el conflicto y la negociación. Montevideo: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2022.

VENEZUELA, República Bolivariana de. Mensaje anual a la Nación del presidente Nicolás Maduro Moros. Palacio Federal Legislativo. Caracas, 12 jan. 2021.

WEISBROT, M., SACHS, J. Economic Sanctions as Collective Punishment: The Case of Venezuela. Center For Economic and Policy Research. Washington, DC. Abr. 2019. Disponível em: https://cepr.net/images/stories/reports/venezuela-sanctions-2019-04.pdf.

WEISBROT, M., SACHS, J. Economists Use “Fuzzy Graphs” to Challenge Data on the Human Cost of Trump Sanctions on Venezuela. Center For Economic and Policy Research. 2019b. Disponível em: https://cepr.shorthandstories.com/venezuela-sanctions-response/index.html.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-28

How to Cite

Leon, L. E. P. ., & Cicero, P. H. de M. . (2024). Economic Embargo as an Instrument of us Foreign Policy: : the Case of Contemporary Venezuela. Conjuntura Internacional, 19(2), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5752/P.1809-6182.2022v19n2p74-81

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 2 (2022): CONJUNTURA INTERNACIONAL - Dossiê Ações e Contradições no Império

Section

Dossiê - Ações e Contradições no Império

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

a.Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

b.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

c.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).