Guerra do Kosovo e Segurança Internacional: uma breve análise sobre a Resolução do Conflito e os desdobramentos atuais

Abstract

The Kosovo War was one of the conflicts that marked the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s, influenced by the fall of socialist regimes in the region, with the end of the Cold War. Characterized by the ethnic division of the population, whose majority was Kosovar Albanian, the Kosovo War can be considered as a representative case of how the effects of peace agreements can reverberate for decades even after the end of conflicts, resulting in other problems, even if there is the resolution of the conflict. This is because, given its complexity and the difficulty of the two conflicting parties to reach an agreement that satisfied them, an external mediation was necessary in its resolution, and this agreement still has implications today, as will be seen in this article. Therefore, this article aims to understand the current implications of the peace process of the Kosovo War. The methodology to be used concerns an essentially qualitative methodology, through the application of the Case Study method. Therefore, to verify the hypothesis, a bibliographic review of primary and secondary sources about the conflict will be used, using as a theoretical framework concepts and analyzes arising from the area of ​​International Security and, more precisely, from the area of Peace ​​Studies. In this sense, the main mechanisms used during the negotiation will be analyzed and what are their current impacts. That said, the hypothesis to be verified is that it is possible to observe that the current implications of the agreement resulted in a non-recognition of Kosovo by a number of States and bodies, as well as caused the emergence of new reflections on humanitarian intervention from those that occurred during the war. Therefore, this article will begin with a bibliographical review of the main concepts to be used for the analysis of the theme, based on the considerations of renowned theorists in the field of International Security and Peace Studies. A brief historical contextualization of the Kosovo War will be presented, going through its antecedents and how the regional situation at that time influenced the rise of the conflict, also covering the main events that occurred during the War and after its end. Then, from the proposed hypothesis, the current developments resulting from the Kosovo War and, primarily, from the peace agreement that ended the conflict, will be analyzed, concluding that this resulted in a international non-recognition of the Kosovo as a sovereign and independent State, in addition to having contributed to the reflection and updating of the conceptions about humanitarian intervention promoted by international organizations, given the generations of peace of humanitarian interventions proposed by theorists in the area of ​​International Security. Thus, this article addresses a topic of extreme relevance to the field of International Relations, contributing to it, through an analysis of the historical evolution of the conflict and its resolution, in order to bring new perspectives on the idea of ​​conflict resolutions as they currently exist and their respective developments throughout the international context