IMPACTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA EXPERIÊNCIA DE QUASE-MORTE abordagem pelo profissional de saúde
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As experiências de quase-morte (EQM) têm sido descritas consistentemente na história da humanidade, mas ainda há pouca discussão sobre seu impacto e como devem ser abordadas pelos profissionais de saúde. Neste artigo, revisamos as evidências dos impactos psicológicos da EQM e como são acolhidas e abordadas pelos profissionais de saúde. Na maioria das vezes, as EQMs são descritas como agradáveis e com impactos majoritariamente positivos a curto e longo prazo, como maior sentido existencial, espiritualidade, crença na vida após a morte e menor medo da morte. Mas também podem ser angustiantes e com impactos negativos, como frustração e dificuldades de integrar as vivências na vida cotidiana. As EQMs ainda são pouco exploradas e seus relatos muitas vezes rechaçados pelos profissionais de saúde. Como diretrizes mínimas, recomenda-se que os profissionais de saúde estejam abertos e proporcionem escuta empática aos relatos de EQMs dos pacientes, orientando-os que as EQMs são frequentes, não são indicadoras de problemas físicos ou mentais e que geralmente têm impacto positivo. Também pode-se orientar que para algumas pessoas as EQMs podem gerar sofrimento e que ajuda estará disponível se necessária. Investigar as EQMs possibilitará discussões relevantes no campo da saúde: escuta qualificada, finitude, acolhimento e relação mente-cérebro.
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