Effects of religious heterogeneity on global beef trade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2025v13n2p9-33Palavras-chave:
Religião; Carne bovina; Comércio internacional; Barreiras culturais; Modelo gravitacional.Resumo
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of religious distance between two countries on the beef market. The motivation for the research stems from the incorporation of formal institutional aspects, such as the rules established by religions, into international trade theories. More specifically, the study discusses how institutions and organizations influence the decision-making of agents (government, businesses, and consumers) guide a country's export performance. The beef market was chosen due to the religious specifications associated with animal slaughter and processing. A structural gravity model is employed with 21 exporting countries and 167 importing countries for the commodity during the period from 2000 to 2021. The study concludes that bilateral beef trade is influenced by distance, importer and exporter income, common language, and trade agreements. However, the religious asymmetry between countries does not statistically impact overall beef trade flows, except when focusing on major Halal and Kosher-certified beef exporters. In these cases, religion significantly influences trade, particularly in the frozen beef sector. Furthermore, religious certifications, such as Halal and Kosher, offer a competitive advantage for exporters by meeting the specific demands of religiously observant markets.
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