China e as mutações da Ordem Internacional Liberal
evidências do AIIB e NDB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2023v11n2p24-37Palavras-chave:
Ordem Internacional Liberal, China, AIIB, NDB, Isomorfismo InstitucionalResumo
O surgimento do Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) e o New Development Bank (NDB) nos anos 2010 suscitou análises sobre as possíveis mutações da Ordem Internacional Liberal (OIL), sendo o AIIB a primeira instituição internacional liderada pela China e o NDB a primeira instituição multilateral não-ocidental, representando, aparentemente, um potencial contra-hegemônico. Dentro das discussões sobre as mudanças na ordem, este artigo questiona se estas duas instituições representam uma ameaça, reforma ou perpetuação da OIL. Para tanto, analisamos a estrutura de governança, perfil do seu quadro de colaboradores e os padrões de empréstimos empregados. A hipótese é de que o ímpeto inovador deste bancos é amortecido por processos de ‘isomorfismo institucional’, onde diferentes instituições se tornam homogêneas em nível estrutural e comportamental ao longo do tempo. A primeira seção utiliza o conceito de institutional statecraft como mobilizador teórico para discutir o papel destes bancos na OIL. A segunda desenvolve as bases teóricas do conceito de isomorfismo institucional. A última seção se dedica a analisar a maneira pela qual estes dois bancos atuam, indireta e diretamente, como perpetuadores da OIL. Conclui-se que estes bancos representam complementos a Ordem Liberal Internacional, demonstrando sua resiliência em incorporar novos atores do Sistema Internacional.
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