Chimpanzés Também Fazem Guerra: retomando a teoria evolucionária para uma discussão do Poder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2016v4n2p5Keywords:
teoria evolucionária, guerra, chimpanzés, caçadores-coletores, realismoAbstract
Este breve artigo explora como a teoria evolucionária moderna pode ajudar os cientistas sociais no estudo do conflito e da guerra. Em particular, ele almeja mostrar como alguns desenvolvimentos teóricos da sociobiologia e da psicologia evolucionária podem vir a ser relevantes para a compreensão das relações internacionais. Para tanto, a metodologia do artigo resume-se basicamente à revisão de literatura ainda não muito explorada no Brasil. Começamos apresentando as principais proposições da teoria evolucionária e como ela gerou uma clivagem dentro do campo da antropologia, entre aqueles que acreditam que a guerra é uma instituição culturalmente construída e aqueles que veem as raízes da guerra na competição por recursos somáticos e reprodutivos no “estado de natureza”. Tomamos o lado dos segundos apresentando as evidências de guerra na sociedade dos chimpanzés e propondo a continuidade filogenética entre os chimpanzés e os nossos ancestrais caçadores-coletores. Por último, argumentamos que a teoria evolucionária pode nos ajudar a fundamentar melhor a concepção realista das relações internacionais e o próprio entendimento do Poder.
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