Sob ventos de mudança: o impacto do Concílio Vaticano II na oposição dos católicos «progressistas» ao Estado Novo português (1965-1974). (Under winds of change: the impact of Vatican II in the catholic opposition to "Estado Novo” in Portugal (1965-1974)
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Abstract
As relações entre a Igreja Católica e o Estado Novo foram, de uma forma geral, caracterizadas pela sua estreita proximidade. No entanto, na década de 60, um sector católico começa a afastar-se das directrizes do Governo, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à sua política colonial, tornando-se protagonistas de iniciativas de oposição à guerra e ao carácter ditatorial do regime. Os ventos de mudança que, na época, atravessavam os corredores da Santa Sé movidos pelo Concílio Vaticano II não foram alheios a esta situação, estando relacionados, em termos cronológicos, tácticos e ideológicos, com o fenómeno da oposição católica portuguesa. De facto, os católicos portugueses não poderiam ficar indiferentes às reflexões motivadas por documentos como a Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et Spes ou mesmo pela anterior Carta Encíclica Pacem in Terris, que em muito se adequavam à situação nacional. As orientações contraditórias da Igreja e do Estado português obrigaram, assim, alguns católicos a marcar a sua posição, impedindo-os de “servir a dois senhores”.
Palavras-chave: Portugal; Vaticano II; Estado Novo; Oposição católica.
Abstract
The relationship between the Catholic Church and the Estado Novo was a very close one. Nevertheless, in the sixties, a sector of the Catholic Church began parting from the government’s prime directives, in particular the ones concerning the colonial policy, becoming protagonist of actions against the war and the regime’s dictatorial character. The winds of change provoked by Vatican II that, at the time, ran through the Holy See were not indifferent to the whole situation, being related to the Portuguese Catholic opposition chronologically, tactically and ideologically speaking. In fact, the Portuguese Catholics could not stay indifferent to the reflections motivated by documents as the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes or the previous encyclical Pacem in Terris, that were perfectly adapted to the national situation. The Church’s and the Portuguese colonial policy’s opposing guidelines made some Catholics to make a stand, preventing them of “serving two masters”.
Key words: Portugal; Vatican II; Estado Novo; Catholic opposition.
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