THE PHILOSOPHY FOR RELIGION: THE SCHOLASTIC MOVEMENT IN THE CENTRAL MIDDLE AGES (XI-XIII)

Abstract

This article aims to investigate the emergence of the philosophical movement called Scholastics in the cultural and educational context of the Central Middle Ages, between the 11th and 13th centuries. In this sense, we will discuss how the advent of medieval universities was linked to the development of the Scholastic method as philosophical thinking. Then we will discuss how this way of thinking and model of study was legitimized by religious universities for the study of the books of the Latin Fathers, the canonical texts, the Sacred Scriptures and the Sentences of Peter Lombardo, these works being true instruments of work, to the extent that from this method theological and philosophical works were written, such as Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologiae (1273). Finally, we will analyse how this movement was challenged and opposed internally, since within the universities the representatives of the Franciscan and Dominican religious orders, the ecclesiastical masters, made refutations to the methods adopted by the philosophical practice of scholastic thought.