Geopolitics of strategic and non-strategic technologies

Geopolitics of strategic and non-strategic technologies

Authors

  • Daniel Blinder CONICET - UNSAM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2019v7.n2.p42-57

Keywords:

Geopolitics, Technology, Production, China, United States

Abstract

This article proposes to study the geographical manufacturing location of main technological companies. From case studies, it can be inferred that the production of strategic technologies in the globalization era, such technologies with strategic status enjoy protection, incentives, and facilities for production in the country of origin. On the contrary, those that are not strategic are transferred to another country in order to optimize production and profits. The cases to be analyzed will be the top 5 high-tech companies for civil and commercial use, and for national and military security use. The cases to be analyzed will be the top 5 high-tech companies for commercial-civilian use, and for national-military security use. Methodologically, this work collect and analyze the information of the companies, locating their main production plants, and perform a descriptive and explanatory analysis. The findings of the present work are that the five companies that we do not consider strategic produce in series in China for marketing reasons, and those strategic technologies have their manufacturing plants in the United States for national security and technological frontier.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Daniel Blinder, CONICET - UNSAM

PhD in Social Sciences and BA in Political Science, University of Buenos Aires. Master in National Defense, National Defense College. Professor of Geopolitics, International Relations and Technological Policy, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Researcher at the José Babini Center for the History of Science and Technology, Universidad de San Martín. Post-doctoral fellow at CONICET.

References

AGNEW, John. Hegemony. The new shape of global power. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005.

BOGUE, Robert. What future for humans in assembly?. Assembly Automation, V. 34 n. 4 p. 305 – 309, 2014.

CHAN, Jenny; PUN, Ngai; SELDEN, Mark. The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new working class. New Technology, V. 28 n. 2. p. 100-115, 2013.

CHASE-DUNN, Christopher; REIFER, Thomas. US Hegemony and Biotechnology: The Geopolitics of New Lead Technology. Working paper n° 9. Institute for Research on World Systems, Universidad de California. 2002. Disponible en: <http://irows.ucr.edu/papers/irows9/irows9.htm> Consultado: 20 Sep. 2016.

CITIZENS FOR TAX JUSTICE. “Fortune 500 Companies Hold a Record $2.4 Trillion Offshore”. 2016. disponible en: <http://ctj.org/ctjreports/2016/03/fortune_500_companies_hold_a_record_24_trillion_offshore.php#.WcQqZdFrzIU> Consultado: 21 de Sep. 2016.

COMPUTER WORLD. “Kindle screen maker will increase capacity to meet demand”. 28 Jul. 2010. Disponible en: <https://www.computerworld.com/article/2519700/smartphones/kindle-screen-maker-will-increase-capacity-to-meet-demand.html> Consultado: 30 Agosto 2017.

CORIAT, Benjamin; WEINSTEIN, Oliver. Patent regimes, firms and the commodification of knowledge. Socio-economic Review. V.10. p.267-292. 2011.

EUROPEAN CHAMBER. China Manufacturing 2025. putting Industrial Policy Ahead of Market Forces. European Union Chamber of Commerce in China. p. 1-64. Disponible en: Consultado: 30 Ago. 2017.

FLINT, Colin. The geopolitics of laughter and forgetting: A world‐systems interpretation of the post‐modern geopolitical condition. Geopolitics. V.6 n.3. p. 1-16.

FORBES. “Manufacturing In China Can Give Your Business The Competitive Advantage”. 07 Feb. 2014 Disponible en: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2014/02/07/manufacturing-in-china-can-give-your-business-the-competitive-advantage/#33a9af352774> Consultado: 18 Sep. 2017.

FRATOCCHI, L.; ANCARANI, A.; BARBIERI, P.;DI MAURO, C.; NASSIMBENI, G.; SARTOR, M.; VIGNOLI, M.; ZANONI, A. Motivations of manufacturing reshoring: an interpretative framework. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. V.46 n.2. p.98-127. 2016.

FRATOCCHI L.; DI MAURO C.; BARBIERI P.; NASSIMBENI G.; ZANONI A. When manufacturing moves back: Concepts and questions. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management. V. 20. p 54-59. 2014.

IBM. “Foxconn Teams With IBM to Fight Asia Pacific Region's Carbon Emissions”. 04 Mar. 2009. Disponible en: <https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26836.wss> Consultado: 11 Septiembre 2017.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TIMES. “Chinese Contractors: Foxconn’s Underage Worker Use Affects Sony, Google, Apple, Amazon, Nokia”. 17 Oct. 2012. Disponible en: <http://www.ibtimes.com/chinese-contractors-foxconns-underage-worker-use-affects-sony-google-apple-amazon-nokia-847987> Consultado: 11 Sept 2017.

GERSHWIN, Lawrence. Foreword. En DAVIS, Z., LEHMAN, R., NACHT, M., et. al. Strategic Latency and World Politics: HowTechnology is Changing Our Concepts of Security. Center for Global Security Research at Smashwords. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Livermore CA. 2014.

HOOKS, Gregory. The Rise of the Pentagon and U.S. State Building: The Defense Program as Industrial Policy. American Journal of Sociology. V. 96 n.2. p.358-404. 1990.

IAMMARINO, Simona; MAC CANN. Multinationals and Economic Geography Location, Technology and Innovation. Massachusetts. Elgar. 2013

LEHMAN, Ronald. Unclear and Present Danger: The Strategic Implications of Latent, Dual‐Use Science and Technology. En DAVIS, Z., LEHMAN, R., NACHT, M., et. al. Strategic Latency and World Politics: HowTechnology is Changing Our Concepts of Security. Center for Global Security Research at Smashwords. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Livermore CA. 2014.

LÜTHJE, Boy. Why no fordism in China? Regimes of Accumulat ion and Regimes of Product ion in Chinese Manufactur ing Industries. Institut für Sozialforschung Working Paper N°3. Goethe Universität: Franfurt. 2014. Disponible en: <http://www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de/wp-content/uploads/IfS-WP3-Luethje-Why-No-Fordism-in-China1.pdf> Consultado: 18 Sep. 2017.

MAZZUCATO, Mariana. The entrepreneurial state: debunking public vs. private sector myths. London Anthem Press. 2013.

MICHALSKI, Wolfgang. Support Policies for Strategic Industries: An Introduction to the Main Issues. pp. 7-14. In: OECD. Strategic Industries in Global Economies. Policy Issues for the 1990s. Paris. OECD International Futures Programme. 1991.

RUTTAN, Vernon. Is War Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technology Development . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006.

SANAHUJA, José. Posglobalización y ascenso de la extrema derecha: crisis de hegemonía y riesgos sistémicos. En Anuario CEIPAZ 2016-2017. Seguridad Internacional y Democracia: guerras, militarización y fronteras. p.41-77. 2017. Disponible en: <http://www.ceipaz.org/images/contenido/ANUARIOCOMPLETO%202017.pdf> Consultado: 30 Ago. 2017.

SIPRI FACT SHEET. “Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2016”. Stockholm:

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). 2017. Disponible en: <https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Trends-in-international-arms-transfers-2016.pdf> Consultado: 21 Sep. 2017.

TATE, Wendy. Offshoring and reshoring: U.S. insights and research challenges. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management. V. 20. p. 66-68. 2014.

THE ECONOMIST. “Made in China? Asia’s dominance in manufacturing will endure. That will make development harder for others”. 12 Mar. 2015. Dispoible en: <https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21646204-asias-dominance-manufacturing-will-endure-will-make-development-harder-others-made> Consultado: 18 Sep. 2017.

THE GUARDIAN. “Xbox assembly workers in China threaten mass suicide over jobs dispute”. 12 Ene. 2012. Disponible en: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/12/xbox-assembly-workers-threaten-mass-suicide> Consultado: 11 Sep. 2017.

Published

2019-08-10

How to Cite

Blinder, D. (2019). Geopolitics of strategic and non-strategic technologies: Geopolitics of strategic and non-strategic technologies. Estudos Internacionais: International Relations Journal of PUC Minas, 7(2), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2019v7.n2.p42-57