Rule of law and rule by law: case analysis of foreign investment in Guangdong and Jiangsu (China)
Rule of law and rule by law: case analysis of foreign investment in Guangdong and Jiangsu (China)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2020v8n3p9-27Keywords:
Rule of law, FDI, Communism, China, AgendaAbstract
Why similar provinces have different stability in their foreign investment flows? The research compares the provinces of Guangdong and Jiangsu in the People's Republic of China and discusses why these provinces of similar characteristics in infrastructure and incentives under the Chinese opening model differ in the stability of the flows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The hypothesis is that the foreign investment legal agenda presents a balance point closer to the rule of law in Guangdong than in Jiangsu. The research develops a theoretical definition of the balance between rule of law and rule by law in China and empirically contrasts -with text mining and natural language processing techniques- the legal agenda for investments in the two provinces. In conclusion, the hypothesis is proved but with the emerging finding of the cultural factor in Guangdong Province. It is precisely this emerging one that allows us to discuss the explanatory power of the rule of law over the stability of FDI flows.
Downloads
References
ALFARO, Laura; KALEMLI-OZCAN, Sebnem; VOLOSOVYCH, Vadym. Why doesn’t capital flow from rich to poor countries? An empirical investigation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, v. 90, n. 2, p. 347-368, 2008.
ÁLVAREZ HUWILER, Laura; BONNET, Alberto. Error y ensayo. Un análisis marxista de las políticas públicas. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, n. 233, p. 169-192, 2018.
ARUGUETE, Natalia. El Poder de la Agenda. Política, Medios y Público. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2015.
BANTIMAROUDIS, Philemon; BAN, Hyun; KIOUSIS, Spiro. Candidate Image Attributes: Experiments on the Substantive Dimension of Second Level Agenda Setting. SAGE Journals, v. 26, n. 4, p. 414-428, 1999.
BELL, Daniel A. China´s new Confucianism: politics and everyday life in a changing society. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008.
BROADMAN, Harry G.; SUN, Xiaolun. The distribution of foreign direct investment in China. Policy research working paper (Banco Mundial), n. 1720, p. 1-19, 1997.
BROADMAN, Harry G. Meeting the Challenge of Chinese Enterprise Reform. World Bank Discussion Paper, n. 283, p. 1-20, 1995a.
BROADMAN, Harry G. Policy Options for Reform of Chinese State Owned Enterprises. World Bank Discussion Paper, n. 335, p. 1-21, 1996.
BROADMAN, Harry G. Tax Policy Toward Foreign Direct Investment. Economic Policy Note - World Bank, p. 1-12, 1995b.
BROSIUS, Hans; KEPPLINGER, Hans Mathias. Beyond Agenda-Setting: The Influence of Partisanship and Television Reporting on the Electorate's Voting Intentions. Journalism Quarterly, v. 69, n. 4, p. 893-901, 1992.
BRUGGER, Bill; REGLAR, Stephen. Politics, economy and society in contemporary China. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1994.
CHEN, Chunlai. The development of China’s FDI laws and policies after WTO accession. In: GOLLEY, Jane. SONG, Ligang (eds.). Global Challenges and Opportunities. Sidney: ANU Press, 2011. p. 85-97.
CHOUKROUNE, Leila; GARAPON, Antoine. The norms of Chinese harmony: Disciplinary rules as social stabilizer. China Perspectives, v. 71, n. 3, p. 36-49, 2007. Disponible en: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24053278. Acceso en: Mayo 2019.
COHEN, Bernard C. The Press and Foreign Policy. Riverside: University of California, 1993.
COMISIÓN ECONÓMICA PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE (CEPAL). Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL, 2018.
COLEMAN, James S. Inequality, Sociology, and Moral Philosophy. American Journal of Sociology, v. 80, n. 3, p. 739-764, 1974.
COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA (CPC) - Central Committee. Communique of the sixth plenum of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Beijing: Communist Party of China, 2006.
CREEL, Herrlee Glessner. Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1953.
D’ADAMO, Orlando; GARCÍA BEAUDOUX, Virginia; FREIDENBERG, Flavia. Medios de comunicación y opinión pública. Madrid: Mc Graw Hill, 2007.
DEARING, James; ROGERS, Everett. Agenda-Setting. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1996.
DEPARTAMENTO DE COMERCIO DE GUANGDONG. Guía de inversión extranjera directa. Guangzhou: Departamento de Comercio de la Provincia de Guangdong, 2018.
DEPARTAMENTO DE COMERCIO DE GUANGDONG. Políticas especiales para la inversión extranjera. Guangzhou: Departamento de Comercio de la Provincia de Guangdong, 2016-2018.
DEPARTAMENTO DE COMERCIO DE JIANGSU. Guía de inversión extranjera directa. Nankín: Departamento de Comercio de la Provincia de Jiangsu, 2018.
DEPARTAMENTO DE COMERCIO DE JIANGSU. Políticas especiales para la inversión extranjera. Nankín: Departamento de Comercio de la Provincia de Jiangsu, 2008-2018.
DERRIDA, Jacques. Notas sobre deconstrucción y pragmatismo. In: MOUFFE, Chantal (Ed.). Deconstrucción y pragmatismo. Barcelona: Editorial Paidós, 1998. p. 151-170.
DERRIDA, Jacques. A escritura e a diferença. San Pablo: Perspectiva, 2002.
ENTMAN, Robert M. Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, v. 43, n. 4, p. 51-58, 1993.
ETZIONI, Amitai. Mixed scanning: A third approach to decision making. Public Administration Review, n. 27, p. 385-392, 1967.
FAIRBANK, John King. Chinese Thought and Institutions. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1967.
GHANEM, Salma. Filling in the Tapestry: The second level of agenda setting. In: MCCOMBS, Maxwell, SHAW, Donald L. y WEAVER, David (eds.). Communication and democracy. Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda setting theory. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2009. p. 3–14.
GOFFMAN, Erving. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of the Experience. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1986.
HUANG, Dongpeiand; SAYURI, Shirai. Information Externalities Affecting the Dynamic Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of China. IMF Working Paper at Research Department of International Monetary Fund, p. 1-18, 1994.
JACOBS, Laurence; GUOPEI, Gao; HERBIG, Paul. Confucian roots in China: a force for today′s business. Management Decision, v. 33, n. 10, p. 29-34, 1995.
JACOMY, Mathieu; VENTURINI, Tommaso; HEYMANN, Sebastien; BASTIAN, Mathieu. ForceAtlas2, a continuous graph layout algorithm for handy network visualization designed for the Gephi software. PLoS ONE, v. 9, n. 6: e98679, 2014.
JENKO, Leigh K. Rule by man and rule by law in early republican China: contributions to a theoretical debate. The Journal of Asian Studies, v. 69, n. 1, p. 181-203, 2010.
JIANG, Zemin. Speech to the central ideological political work conference. In: JIANG, Zemin. The selected works of Jiang Zemin. Beijing: Renmin Chu ban she, 2006. p. 74-101.
KAUFMANN, Daniel; KRAAY, Aart y MASTRUZZI, Massimo. Growth and Governance: A Reply. The Journal of Politics, v. 69, n. 2, p. 555-562, 2007.
KAWAGUCHI, Osamu. Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia: Trends, Determinants and Policy Implications. World Bank Internal Discussion Paper, East Asia and Pacific Regional Series, p. 1-22, 1994.
KEITH, Ronald C. China´s struggle for the rule of law. Nueva York: St. Martin´s Press, 1994.
KHAN, Zafar Shah. Patterns of Direct Foreign Investment in China. World Bank Discussion Paper, China and Mongolia Department Series, n. 130, p. 1-19, 1991.
KIOUSIS, Spiro K. Explicating Media Salience: A Factor Analysis of New York Times Issue Coverage During the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Journal of Communication, v. 54, n. 1, p. 71-87, 2004.
KLEINBERG, Jon M. Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment. Proceedings of the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1997.
KOLBE, Richard H.; BURNETT, Melissa S. Content-Analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 18, n. 2, p. 243-250, 1991.
KRIPPENDORFF, Klaus. Metodología de análisis de contenido. Teoría y práctica. Barcelona: Paidós Comunicación, 1990.
LACLAU, Ernesto. La razón populista. México D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2007.
LAO, Ni; SUBRAMANYA, Amarnag; PEREIRA, Fernando; COHEN, William. Reading the web with learned syntactic-semantic inference rules. Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, p. 1017-1026, 2012.
LARDY, Nicholas R. The role of foreign trade and investment in China´s economic transformation. The China quarterly, n. 144, p. 1065-1082, 1995.
LI, Chenyang. The Confucian ideal of harmony. Philosophy East and West, v. 56, n. 4, p. 583-603, 2006. Disponible en: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4488054. Acceso en: Abril 2019.
LI, Chenyang. The Confucian Philosophy of Harmony. Nueva York: Routledge, 2014.
LIU, Jianfei. Major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics reflects trends of the times. China International Studies, n. Mayo/Junio 2017, p. 28-44, 2017.
MENÉNDEZ, José Ramón. Área económica China: Apertura e inserción en la economía mundial. Estudios Internacionales, n. 33 (131/132), p. 3-64, 2000. Disponible en: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41391646. Acceso en: Abril 2019.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA (NBSC). Anuario Estadístico. Beijing: NBSC, 2018. Disponible en: http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/ Acceso en: Julio 2019.
NORTH, Douglass C. Instituciones, Cambio Institucional y Desempeño Económico. México D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1993.
OLLMAN, Bertell. Dance of the dialectic. Steps in Marx´s method. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
OLSON, Mancur. Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development. American Political Science Review, v. 87, n. 3, p. 567-576, 1993.
OVIEDO, Eduardo Daniel. Idioma y poder. Conceptos claves del discurso político chino en sus relaciones con América Latina. Actas del Primer Congreso Internacional de Sinología en Español, p. 106-124, 2014.
PASQUIER, Dominique. Vingt ans de recherches sur la télévision : Une sociologie post lazarsfeldienne? Sociologie du travail, v. 36, n. 1, p. 63-84, 1994.
PEERENBOOM, Randall. China´s long march toward rule of law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
POMFRET, Richard. Growth and transition: why has China´s performance been so different? Journal of comparative economics, n. 25, p. 422-440, 1997.
PRS Group. PRS investment profile. East Syracuse: PRS Group, 2018. Disponible en: https://www.prsgroup.com/investment-profile/ Acceso en: Marzo 2019.
SCOTT, W. Richard. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 1995.
SHIH, Chih-Yu. Breeding a Reluctant Dragon: Can China Rise into Partnership and Away from Antagonism? Review of International Studies, v. 31, n. 4, p. 755-774, 2005.
SPILLER, Pablo T.; TOMMASI, Mariano. El Funcionamiento de las Instituciones Políticas y las Políticas Públicas: una Aproximación desde la Nueva Economía Institucional. Desarrollo Económico, v. 40, n. 159, p. 425-464, 2000.
SPILLER, Pablo T.; TOMMASI, Mariano. Political Institutions, Policymaking Processes, and Policy Outcomes in Argentina. In: STEIN, Ernesto; TOMMASI, Mariano (eds.). Policymaking in Latin America: How Politics Shapes Policies. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank y David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University, 2008. p. 69–110.
SPILLER, Pablo T.; STEIN, Ernesto; TOMMASI, Mariano. Political Institutions, Policymaking, and Policy: An Introduction. In: STEIN, Ernesto; TOMMASI, Mariano (eds.). Policymaking in Latin America: How Politics Shapes Policies. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank y David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University, 2008. p. 2–28.
SU, Ge. The great historic journey of Chinese diplomacy. China International Studies, n. nov./dic. 2017, p. 5-39, 2017.
THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION. HER investment freedom. Washington DC: The Heritage Foundation, 2018. Disponible en: https://www.heritage.org/index/investment-freedom Acceso en: Marzo 2019.
UNCTAD, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2018. Nueva York: Organización de las Naciones Unidas, 2018.
WANG, Rue. Report on Foreign Direct Investment in China: industrial distribution of FDI. Beijing: Economic and Management Press, 1997.
WEI, Shang-Jin. How taxing is corruption on international investors? The Review of economics and statistics, v. 82, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2000.
WEI, Shangiin. Foreign Direct Investment in China: Sources and Consequences. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University y NBER, 1994.
WILHELM, Richard. Lectures on the I Ching: constancy and change. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1979.
WINTER, James y EYAL, Chaim. Agenda Setting for the Civil Right Issue. Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 45, n. 3, p. 376-383, 1981.
WU, Guanyin. The renwu the society most admires. Tianjin: Yongyan, 1913.
XI, Jinping. La Gobernación y Administración de China. Beijing: Ediciones en Lenguas Extranjeras Cía. Ltda., 2014.
XIA, Yong. Collected discussions on the question of rule by law and rule by man. Beijing: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 1981.
XU, Zongmian. The losers` exploration: debates over how China might actualize democratic government 1913-1915. Lishi yanjiu, n. 4, p. 23-44, 1984.
YANG, Deshan. Relying on law to govern the nation. Beijing: News of the Communist Party of China, 2006.
ZHANG, Kevin Honglin. How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth in China? Economics of transition, v. 9, n. 3, p. 679-693, 2001.
ZHANG, Kevin Honglin; ZHANG, Xiaobo. How does globalization affect regional inequality within a developing country? Evidence from China. Paper presentado en la conferencia: International Conference of Developing through Globalization, 2000.
ZHANG, X. James. The role of foreign direct investment in market-oriented reforms and economic development: the case of China. Transnational corporations, v. 2, n. 3, p. 121-148, 1993.
ZHAO, Dunhua. A defense of universalism: With a critique of particularism in Chinese culture. Frontiers of Philosophy in China, v. 4, n. 1, p. 116–129, 2009.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a.Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
b.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
