O estado pós-positivista: uma análise a partir das perspectivas construtivista e pós-estruturalista das Relações Internacionais
The post-positivist state: an analysis through the constructivist and post-structuralist approaches of international relations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2017v5n1p5Keywords:
Pós-Positivismo, Construtivismo, Pós-Estruturalismo, Ontologia estatal, SoberaniaAbstract
O desenvolvimento de teorias pós-positivistas nas Relações Internacionais resultou na emergência de novas visões sobre elementos até então concebidos como dados e constantes e, portanto, pouco questionados no âmbito das abordagens teóricas tradicionais do campo. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como o Estado é caracterizado em relação à sua ontologia e ao conceito de soberania pelas perspectivas construtivista e pós-estruturalista. Ao investigar as bases teóricas pós-positivistas e estabelecer um paralelo entre elas e as teorias positivistas consideradas como mainstream – especialmente o Neorrealismo e o Neoliberalismo – torna-se possível compreender o significado da inserção de variáveis marginalizadas pelas perspectivas racionalistas nos estudos sobre o Estado tais quais identidade, cultura, compartilhamento de ideias, discurso, tempo, espaço e ética. Conclui-se que as reflexões sobre o principal objeto de estudo das RI pelas correntes pós-positivistas, ainda que possuam importantes limites, podem auxiliar no avanço das discussões metateóricas devido à flexibilidade incutida em seus argumentos.
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