Paradoja de la autonomía: explicando las falencias en el regionalismo de seguridad sudamericano
Paradoja de la autonomía: explicando las falencias en el regionalismo de seguridad sudamericano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2020v8n1p89-106Palabras clave:
Paradoja de la Autonomía, Sudamérica, Autonomía internacional, Regionalismo de seguridadResumen
Este artículo aborda las dificultades sudamericanas en la consolidación de los mecanismos de seguridad regional, desarrollando el modelo explicativo de “paradoja de la autonomía”. Este se desarrolló a través de criterios inductivos y deductivos, basados en observaciones de historia reciente, para obtener lecciones generalizables a partir de un caso relevante para las relaciones internacionales de América del Sur, y el uso de enfoques analíticos racionales que permitieron su construcción en el marco de los problemas de acción colectiva. A partir de la observación sobre el surgimiento y el desempeño del Consejo de Defensa Sudamericano, se identificó que las condiciones propicias para un nuevo mecanismo de autonomía regional (colectiva) para la seguridad, paradójicamente ofrecían oportunidades para el ejercicio de la autonomía nacional (individual). El artículo concluye que, aunque las condiciones para la paradoja de la autonomía son difíciles de superar en casos de iniciativas de regionalismo de seguridad, existen posibilidades de hacerlo. La clave estaría en diseños institucionales menos ambiciosos que reconozcan las dificultades inherentes para la cooperación institucional de seguridad regional en Sudamérica.
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