nterrogando el nexo entre la salud y la política exterior
la experiencia de Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2023v11n1p47-64Palabras clave:
Salud, La política exterior, Nigeria, Diplomacia, Diplomacia de la saludResumen
El nexo entre la salud y la política exterior se explora en este artículo a través de un estudio de caso de Nigeria que cuestiona la motivación de la diplomacia en salud y demuestra las instituciones y los mecanismos para su conducta. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar cómo Nigeria, desde la consecución de la independencia en 1960, ha concedido importancia a la utilización de la salud como instrumento para promover la política exterior. El artículo utiliza el método primario y secundario de recopilación de datos. Los datos primarios se obtuvieron de entrevistas orales e informes de periódicos diarios. Además, se basa en materiales de los Archivos de la OMS en Ginebra y los Archivos Nacionales de Ibadan. Los datos secundarios se obtuvieron de libros, artículos de revistas, publicaciones gubernamentales e Internet. Los datos generados fueron analizados mediante análisis descriptivo y de contenido. El artículo concluye que la experiencia de Nigeria revela los vínculos entre la salud y la política exterior. Los compromisos de salud en forma de ayuda, asistencia y cooperación se utilizan como una forma de poder blando que cumple objetivos de política interior y exterior, incluidos la seguridad, el crecimiento económico y otros intereses. Sin embargo, el pluralismo institucional, las responsabilidades divididas y la falta de profesionalización de los diplomáticos de la salud han estropeado la conducta de la diplomacia sanitaria de Nigeria. En cualquier medida, estos factores constituyen un obstáculo importante para los diplomáticos de la salud a la hora de hacer frente a las dificultades que presenta la propagación mundial de enfermedades infecciosas.
Descargas
Citas
DAILY SKETCH. Nigerian Appointed WHO Adviser. 21 November, 1966.
DAILY TIMES. Nigeria’s Donation. 22 September. 1967
DAILY TIMES. Nigerian doctor get top WHO job. 18 September. 1973
DAILY TIMES. Nigeria gives N20,000 to WHO. 27 July. 1974
EB MEMBERS DESIGNATED TO EB SESSIONS, file no, E11/87/3/NIE. WHO Archives Geneva
ELBE, STAFAN. Security and Global Health: Towards the medicalization of Insecurity. Cambridge: Polity, 2010.
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH. Malaria Advocacy Brief for Policy Makers. Abuja: FMOH, 2012.
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF INFORMATION. Press Release No. 478. 15 May 1971.
FELDBAUUM, HARLEY. US Global Health and National Security Policy. CSIA Global Health, 2009.
FIDLER, DAVID. Health and Foreign Policy: A conceptual Overview. Nuffield Trust, 2005
FIDLER, DAVID. Global Health Diplomacy and Ebola Outbreak in Sam Halabi, Lawrence
Gostin and Jeffrey Crowley eds. Global Management of Infectious Disease After Ebola: 133-148. New York: Oxford University Press. 2016.
FRIST, SENATOR. W. Medicine as a currency for peace through global health diplomacy. Yale Law and Policy Review, v. 26, n.1, p. 209-29. 2008.
GATES FOUNDATION TO OPEN OFFICE IN ABUJA. (2012). Retrieved http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2012/09/Gates-Foundation-to-Open-Office-in-Abuja Accessed 20 July 2020.
GLOBAL HEALTH WATCH 2, An Alternative World Health Report, US Foreign Assistance and Health. London: Zed Books, 2007.
GOLDSTEIN, JOSHUA. International Relations. India: Pearson Education, 2005.
GOODMAN, NEVILLE. International Health Organisations and Their Work Churchill, London: Livingstone, 1971.
GRIFFITHS MARTIN. International Relations Theory for the Twenty – First Century: An Introduction, London: Routledge. 2007.
HARMAN, SOPHIE, Covid 19, the UN and Dispersed Global Health Security. Ethics and International Affairs, v. 34, p. 373 – 378, 2020.
JERVIS ROBERT. “Realism in the study of World Politics” International Organisation, v. 54, n. 4, p. 971 – 991, 1998.
KATZENSTEIN PETER. J. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics New York, Columbia University Press, 1996.
KHAZATZADE-MAHANI AKRAM, ARNE RUCKERT AND RONALD LABONTE. (Global Health Diplomacy. In Colin McInnes, Kelley Lee and Jeremy Youde eds. The Oxford Handbook of Global Health, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2018.
LARBY, P. M. AND HENNAM, H. The Commonwealth. v. 5. London: Transaction Publishers 1993.
LUCAS, ADETOKUNBO. It was the Best of Times: From Local to Global Health. Ibadan: Africa Bookbuilders, 2010.
MCINNES COLINS AND LEE KELLEY. Global Health and International Relations. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012.
MICHAUD, JOSHUA AND KATES, JENNIFER. Global Health Diplomacy: Advancing Foreign Policy and Global Health Interest. Global Health, Science and Practice. v. 1, n. 1, p. 24 - 28, 2013.
MORGENTHAU. HANS. J. Politics in the Twentieth Century: The Decline of Democratic Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1962.
MORNING POST. Dr Otolorin made WHO’s Representative for two countries. 25 August, 1969.
MORNING POST. WHO Top Job for Adeniji Jones. 7 November, 1970.
NEW NIGERIAN. New Man at WHO is Africa’s Top Psychiatrist. 4 October, 1971.
NEW NIGERIAN. Nigeria Donates N2m to African Health Fund. 31 August, 1992.
NIGERIAN HERALD. Akinkugbe Appointed WHO consultant. 21 September, 1985
NIGERIAN HERALD. Obasanjo chairs WHO confab. 26 February. 1983.
OGBANG, PETER. Address by the Chief Delegate of Nigeria to the 31st Session of the World Health Assembly in Geneva, May 1978.
OLUSANYA, G. O. AND AKINDELE, R. A. The Fundamentals of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy and External Relations in Olusanya, G. O. and Akindele, R. A. Nigeria’s External Relations: The First Twenty Five Years. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, 1986.
ONUF, NICHOLAS. World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations. London: Routledge, 1989.
ONZIVU, WILLIAM. Regionalism and the Reinvigoration of Global Health Diplomacy: Lessons from Africa. AJWH v. 7, n. 1 p. 49 – 76, 2012.
OSLO DECLARATION. Oslo Ministerial Declaration, Glogal Health - a pressing Foreign Issue of our time. Lancet, v. 369, p. 1373-8. 2007.
PRESIDENT’S MALARIA INITIATIVE. Nigeria Malaria Operational Plan 2015 Retrieved. http://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/malaria-operational-plans/fy-15/fy-2015-nigeria-malaria-operational-plan.pdf?sfvrsn=6 Accessed 6 September 2015
RUSHTON, SIMON. Security and Public Health. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2019.
SAVE THE CHILDREN IN NIGERIA Retrieved: http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.9086271/k.C5BA/Nigeria.htm
THEYS, SARINA.“Introducing Constructivism” in International Relations in Maglinchey, Stephen; Walters Rosie and Scheinpflug. Bristol: E-International Relations Publishing, 2017.
UNGA, United Nations General Assembly, Global Health and Foreign Policy. Note by the Secretary General. A/65/399, United Nations, 2010.
UNGA, United Nations General Assembly. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25th September, 2015, A/RES/70/1.
United States Diplomatic Mission to Nigeria. U.S. and Nigeria Sign HIV/AIDS Partnership Framework for Action, 2010. Retrieved: http://nigeria.usembassy.gov/pr_08252010.html Accessed 27 August 2015
UNSC, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1308.S/RES/1308. United Nations, 2000.
VANGUARD. Nigeria donates medical supplies to Sao Tome and Principe. 30 July. 2020, Retrieved: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/nigeria-donates-medical-supplies-to-sao-tome-and-principe/
WEBER, S. Institutions and Change in M. Doyle and Ikenberry eds. New Thinking in International Relations: Westview Press, 1997.
WHITE HOUSE. Statement by the President on Global Health Initiative, 5th May. Retrieved: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office Accessed June 2020.
WHO, (2017). European Union, WHO and UNICEF partner with Government of Nigeria to strengthen health systems and eradicate polio, 2017.. Retrieved: https://www.afro.who.int/news/european-union-who-and-unicef-partner-government-nigeria-strengthen-health-systems-and Accessed 4 October 2021.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2.Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3.Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
