Enhancing Cooperation between Mercosur and China for Innovation
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2024v12n1p83-99Mots-clés :
trade, mercosur, china, international institutional arrangements, international investmentRésumé
Since the implementation of the “Made in China 2025” and Internet Plus Initiatives, China’s Central government has focused on transforming the economy into an innovation-driven. Their relative success impacted the country’s recent position in the Global Innovation Index, climbing 26 positions from 2015 to 2022.
This paper discusses the importance of China’s foreign affairs approach to diminish the reliance on trade and infrastructure building and increase cooperation on science and technology particularly in Latin America in the Mercosur context, where the highest innovation rating is in the 50th position with Chile.
Finally, this paper aims to propose enhanced cooperation between China and Latin American countries through an agreement with Mercosur that focuses on the Digital Economy and through joint efforts for investments and exchanges in technology and sciences-related topics in selected industries.
Téléchargements
Références
Brazil Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2021. "Press Release N. 50 Signing of the MERCOSUR Electronic Commerce Agreement - Joint Press Release by the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Economy." [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.br/mre/en/contact-us/press-area/press-releases/signing-of-the-Mercosur-electronic-commerce-agreement-joint-press-release-by-the-ministries-of-foreign-affairs-and-of-economy
China Ministry of Commerce. "Free Trade Agreement between the Government of The People’s Republic of China and the Government of The Republic of Peru." [Online]. Available: http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/bilu/annex/bilu_xdwb_en.pdf
European Union. "Funding Programmes and Open calls." [Online]. Available: https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls_en#horizon2020
Government of Canada. "Background: Canada’s possible accession to the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement." [Online]. Available: https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/consultations/depa-apen/background-information.aspx?lang=eng
Govindrajan, G., Singh, A. (ed.). 2021. "Trade and Technology: Rebooting Global Trade for the Digital Millennium." Trade Law and Development, Vol. XIII, No.1. [Online]. Available: http://www.tradelawdevelopment.com/index.php/tld/article/view/11/10
Hiratuka, C. 2022. "Why Brazil Sought Chinese Investments to Diversify Its Manufacturing Economy." Carnegie Endowment for Peace. [Online]. Available: https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/10/18/why-brazil-sought-chinese-investments-to-diversify-its-manufacturing-economy-pub-88194
Gunter, J., Legarda, L. (ed.). 2022. "Beyond Blocs.Global views on China and US-China relations." Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS), No 11. [Online]. Available: https://merics.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/MERICS-Papers-On-China-Beyond-blocs-Global-views-on-China-and-US-China-relations-3.pdf
Koh, Harold Hongju. 1996. "Transnational Legal Process." Yale Law School. Faculty of Scholarship Series 2096. [Online]. Available: digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/2096
Lerman, C., Gabriela, S., Lucía, S. M. 2022. ‘MERCOSUR Electronic Commerce Agreement: Challenges and Opportunities’. ADC (Association for Civil Rights) and Digital Trade Alliance, 01-98. [Online]. Available: https://adc.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/MERCOSUR-ElectronicCommerceAgreement_ChallengesAndOpportunities-1.pdf
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (FMPRC). 2022. "President Xi Jinping Meets with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia." [Online]. Available: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/xjpcxfh/202212/t20221209_10987704.html
National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS). 2022. "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2021 National Economic and Social Development." [Online]. Available: http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202202/t20220227_1827963.html
OAS. "Free Trade Agreement between Mercosur and the Arab Republic of Egypt." [Online]. Available: http://www.sice.oas.org/trade/MER_EGY/MER_EGY_Text_e.asp
OAS. "Free Trade Agreement between Mercosur and the State of Israel." [Online]. Available: http://www.sice.oas.org/Trade/MER_ISR/Core_Text_e.pdf
OAS. "Sistema de Información sobre Comercio Exterior (SICE)." [Online]. Available: http://www.sice.oas.org/trade/mrcsrs/resolutions/indice.asp
OAS. "SICE's Trade Policy Developments section." [Online]. Available: http://www.sice.oas.org/tpd_e.asp
OAS. MERCOSUR Economic Complementation Agreement – Chile. [Online]. Available: http://www.sice.oas.org/Trade/MSCH/ACUERDO.asp#XIX
Pacific Alliance. 2018. "Declaración AP-MERCOSUR (Pacific Alliance-MERCOSUR Declaration)." [Online]. Available: https://alianzapacifico.net/instrumentos-declaraciones-conjuntas/?skw=Mercosur+&orderby=date&order=desc
Peters, M.A. 2022. "Digital trade, digital economy and the digital economy partnership agreement (DEPA)." Educational Philosophy and Theory, 01-9. [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00131857.2022.2041413
Pezoa, J. E., Le, X., Wei, L., Meng, W., Montalva, G. A. 2021. "The China-Chile ICT Joint Laboratory: A 5G Standalone Network for Education, Innovation Research and Development." IEEE 4th 5G World Forum (5GWF), 511-516, doi: 10.1109/5GWF52925.2021.00096.
Rezek, Francisco. 2010. Direito Internacional: Curso Elementar. Editora Saraiva. 12a ed. Rev. atual. São Paulo.
Simmons, Beth A., Richard H. Steinberg. 2006. International Law and International Relations. Cambridge University Press.
Slosberg, Genevieve.2023. Lula Can’t Simply Count on China This Time. Carnegie Endowment for Peace. [Online]. Available: https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/01/05/lula-can-t-simply-count-on-china-this-time-pub-88738
Suominen, K. 2018. “Fueling Digital Trade in Mercosur: A Regulatory Roadmap”. InterAmerican Development Bank, 01-67. [Online]. Available: https://publications.iadb.org/en/fueling-digital-trade-Mercosur-regulatory-roadmap
The Dialogue 2022. “On the Uruguay-China FTA: Q&A with Nicolás Albertoni”. [Online]. Available: https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/on-the-uruguay-china-fta-qa-with-nicolas-albertoni
Thorstensen, V., Valentina, D. 2020. “Convergence on e-commerce: the case of Argentina, Brazil and MERCOSUR”. World Trade Organization, 11: 234-256. [Online]. Available: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/15_adtera_chapter_11_e.pdf
United Nations. “UN Comtrade Database”. [Online]. Available: https://comtradeplus.un.org
Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry. 2020. “Singapore, Chile and New Zealand Sign Digital Economy Partnership Agreement Electronically”. [Online]. Available: https://www.mti.gov.sg/-/media/MTI/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2020/06/Joint-Press-
Release--Electronic-Signing-of-Digital-Economy-Partnership-Agreement-12-June-Updated-URL.pdf
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China. 2016. “Full text of China’s Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean”. [Online]. Available: http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2016/11/24/content_281475499069158.htm
Warren, M., Ziyang F. 2022. “Digital economy agreements are a new frontier for trade – here’s why”. [Online]. Available: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/08/digital-economy-agreements-trade
World Bank. “High-technology exports (current US$)”. [Online]. Available: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.CD
WIPO. 2022. “Global Innovation Index 2022”. [Online]. Available: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2022-section1-en-gii-2022-at-a-glance-global-innovation-index-2022-15th-edition.pdf
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Estudos Internacionais: International Relations Journal of PUC Minas 2025
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2.Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3.Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
