Hajj, Umrah – uma peregrinação num espaço energizado e concêntrico (Hajj, Umrah - a pilgrimage in a space energized and concentric) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2013v11n31p891
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Abstract
Este artigo trata de um dos rituais mais importantes do Islã, que é a realização do Hajj (peregrinação à Meca) e da Umrah (peregrinação menor). O Hajj é o quinto pilar da religião e deve ser feito se a pessoa tiver condição física e econômica para empreender a peregrinação de acordo com o calendário islâmico. A realização do percurso se dá em cinco dias, que devem ser cumpridos à risca. A Umrah é recomendável e pode ser feita em qualquer período do ano: trata-se a apenas da visita à Caaba. O percurso do Hajj prefigura tempos, símbolos e gestos. Esses elementos podem consubstanciar o rito como performance religiosa, pois determinam um tempo que se repete, como apontou Leach (1971), o que torna o muçulmano um outro, após participar deste ritual. Após fazer o hajj, o peregrino torna-se um hajji, muda de vida, assim como podemos verificar nas transformações apontadas por Schechner(1985): a pessoa não é a mesma depois desta experiência religiosa. A Umrah embora não seja peregrinação, propriamente dita, e sim uma visita, também é carregada de simbolismo e provoca uma transformação no fiel, como é possível perceber em um dos relatos deste artigo.
Palavras-chave: Antropologia da performance. Transformado e transportado. Hajj. Comunidade muçulmana no Brasil.
Abstract
This article deals with one of the most important rituals of Islam, which is the realization of the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) and Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). The Hajj is the fifth pillar of the Islam and should be done if the person has physical and economic condition to undertake the pilgrimage according to the Islamic calendar. The completion of the course takes place over five days, which shall be fulfilled to the letter. The Umrah is recommended and can be made at any time of the year: it is just a visit to the Kaaba. The journey of Hajj prefigures times, symbols and gestures. These elements may involve a religious ritual as performance; they determine a time that is repeated, as pointed out by Leach (1971), which makes the Muslim another individual after attending such ritual. After making the hajj, the pilgrim becomes a hajji and then his life is changed, as we can see through the transformations indicated by Schechner (1985): the person is not the same after this religious experience. The Umrah is not, strictly, a pilgrimage, but a visit, full of symbolism that provokes changes in the faithful, as one can see in one of the reports of this article.
Keywords: Anthropology of performance. Processed and transported. Hajj. Muslim community in Brazil.
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