O status das comunidades não muçulmanas no Império Otomano: uma abordagem descolonial não orientalizada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2020v8n4p10-34Keywords:
Comunidades não muçulmanas, Reformas otomanas, Sistema Millet, Abordagem decolonialAbstract
Com foco nos principais desenvolvimentos e conjunturas críticas que moldaram e remodelaram a relação entre os otomanos e suas comunidades não-muçulmanas, este artigo busca compreender a dinâmica e a lógica por trás das políticas e práticas otomanas vis-à-vis Comunidades muçulmanas. Ele fará isso oferecendo uma periodização do domínio otomano ao longo de quatro caminhos principais, cada um dos quais fornece também o título da respectiva seção. O primeiro período é denominado de exclusão estrutural por tolerância ao longo dos séculos, desde a conquista dos respectivos territórios até sua incorporação ao domínio imperial. A segunda fase é intitulada integração via política de reconhecimento que cobre basicamente a era Tanzimat (1838-1876). O terceiro período é colocado sob o título de dominação e controle coercitivos, correspondendo aproximadamente ao Período Hamidiano (1876-1908). E, finalmente, o último período trata do regime dos Jovens Turcos (1908-1918), discutindo suas políticas e políticas em relação às comunidades não muçulmanas enquadradas sob o título de construção da nação pela destruição da nação. Os títulos dos capítulos funcionam como hipótese e elementos estruturantes da periodização apresentada. Como tal, devem ajudar a identificar o paradigma dominante de cada período pertinente ao status e à situação das comunidades em questão, ao mesmo tempo que os conecta de maneira plausível. Este artigo é motivado por uma abordagem descolonial não orientalizada do estudo do império otomano, bem como dos estados-nação estabelecidos nas geografias políticas pós-otomanas.
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