El status de las comunidades no musulmanas en el Imperio Otomano: un enfoque descolonial no orientalizadoTítulo em espanhol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2020v8n4p10-34Palabras clave:
Comunidades no musulmanas, Reformas otomanas, Sistema Millet, Abordaje decolonialResumen
Con un enfoque en los desarrollos clave y las coyunturas críticas que dieron forma y remodelaron la relación entre los otomanos y sus comunidades de sujetos no musulmanes, este documento busca comprender la dinámica y el fundamento detrás de las políticas y prácticas otomanas frente a los no musulmanes. Comunidades musulmanas. Lo hará ofreciendo una periodización del dominio otomano a lo largo de cuatro vías principales, cada una de las cuales también proporciona el título de la sección respectiva. El primer período se denomina exclusión estructural por tolerancia durante siglos, desde la conquista de los respectivos territorios hasta su incorporación al dominio imperial. La segunda fase se titula Integración através de políticas de reconocimiento que cubre básicamente la era Tanzimat (1838-1876). El tercer período se clasifica bajo el título de dominación y control coercitivo, que corresponde aproximadamente al período Hamidiano (1876-1908). Y finalmente, el último período se refiere al régimen de los Jóvenes Turcos (1908-1918), discutiendo su política y políticas hacia las comunidades no musulmanas enmarcadas bajo el título de construcción nacional por destrucción nacional. Los títulos de los capítulos actúan como hipótesis y como elementos estructurantes de la periodización presentada. Como tales, ayudarán a identificar el paradigma dominante de cada período pertinente al estado y situación de las comunidades en consideración, al mismo tiempo que las conecta de manera plausible. Este artículo está motivado por un enfoque descolonial no orientalizado del estudio del imperio otomano, así como de los estados-nación establecidos en las geografías políticas post-otomanas.
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