O Império Otomano e a Europa do final da Ordem Westfaliana ao Sistema da Crimeia: a ‘Questão Oriental’ Revisitada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2020v8n4p110-131Keywords:
Império Otomano, ordem Westfaliana tardia, Questão Oriental, Sistema de Viena, Guerra da Crimeia, Política das grandes potências nos séculos XVIII-XIXAbstract
A ‘Questão Oriental’ é um dos assuntos mais polêmicos e persistentes na história das relações internacionais. Este artigo examina dois aspectos da evolução das relações entre o Império Otomano e a Europa. O primeiro enfoca na importância do século XVIII no surgimento da ‘Questão Oriental’. O segundo enfatiza vários episódios que podem reabrir o debate sobre as origens da Guerra da Crimeia. Nossa pesquisa é uma tentativa de demonstrar que a ‘Questão Oriental’ era apenas uma peça de um quebra-cabeça maior. Quanto mais a Rússia se tornava influente na política mundial, mais sua contribuição se tornava valiosa para a estabilidade do sistema internacional. A ideia de desafiar, no início da década de 1850, a herança do século XVIII na política mundial (o que significa marginalizar a Rússia nos assuntos europeus), não serviu a longo prazo nem para a segurança do Império Otomano, nem para o novo multilateralismo apresentado por Napoleão III.
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