El Imperio Otomano y Europa desde el último orden de Westfalia hasta el sistema de Crimea: la “cuestión oriental” revisada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2020v8n4p110-131Palabras clave:
Imperio Otomano, orden internacional tardío de Westfalia, cuestión oriental, sistema de Viena, guerra de Crimea, política de las grandes potencias en los siglos XVIII-XIXResumen
La “cuestión oriental” es uno de los temas más controvertidos y persistentes en la historia de las relaciones internacionales. Este artículo analiza dos aspectos de la evolución de las relaciones entre el Imperio Otomano y Europa. El primero se centra en la importancia del siglo XVIII en el surgimiento de la “Cuestión Oriental”. El segundo enfatiza varios episodios que pueden reabrir el debate sobre los orígenes de la Guerra de Crimea. Nuestra investigación es un intento de demostrar que la “cuestión oriental” era solo una pieza de un rompecabezas más grande. Cuanto más influyente se destacaba Rusia en la política mundial, más importante sería su contribución para la estabilidad del sistema internacional. La idea de desafiar a principios de la de 1850, la herencia del siglo XVIII en la política mundial (es decir, marginar a Rusia en los asuntos europeos), no sirvió a largo plazo ni para la seguridad del Imperio Otomano, ni para el nuevo multilateralismo, presentado por Napoleón III.
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