India’s look east policy:
Vietnam’s pivotal role amidst China’s rising regional influence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2024v12n3p51-73Palabras clave:
India, Vietnam, China, Act East Policy, Southeast AsiaResumen
India and Vietnam established a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2016. Both countries are important pillars in each other’s regional and global policies and strategies. In particular, Vietnam plays a very significant role in India’s Act East Policy since its announcement by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014. This paper mainly utilizes qualitative analysis methods through secondary data sources to clarify Vietnam’s position and role in India’s Act East Policy in the face of challenges from China. The results show that India is enhancing defense-security and economic-trade cooperation with Vietnam to consolidate the strategic partnership and limit China’s influence in the country. The analysis highlights Vietnam’s strategic importance in addressing India’s security and economic interests in the South China Sea region, while counterbalancing China’s growing assertiveness. The study concludes that Vietnam plays a crucial role in India’s Act East Policy, helping India enhance its maritime presence, economic integration, and security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.
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BINH, N.X. (2013). India and India-Vietnam Relations. The World Publishing House, Hanoi.
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CAIRNEY, P. (2023). The politics of policy analysis: theoretical insights on real world problems. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(9): 1820-1838. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2221282
CHAUDHURY, D.R. (2020). Vietnam: Key-partner in Delhi’s Indo-Pacific vision & key pillar of AEP. Available at: [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/vietnam-key-partner-in-delhis-indo-pacific-vision-key-pillar-of-act-east-policy/articleshow/79850863.cms]. Access: 13/03/2024.
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HA, D.T. (2019). Vietnam - India Relations From the Beginning of the 21st Century to Present. Culture and Arts Publishing House, Hanoi.
HAI, N.H. (2017). India and India-Vietnam Relations. Master’s thesis, Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam.
JAYARATNA, N. (1990). Systems analysis: The need for a better understanding. International Journal of Information Management, 10(3): 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-4012(90)90022-K
IMF. (2024). Country Data. Available at: [https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/IND]. Access: 11/12/2023.
KHANH, D., & TUAN, D. (2023). Indian Navy Chief visits Vietnam Navy. Available at: [https://baohaiquanvietnam.vn/tin-tuc/tu-lenh-hai-quan-an-do-tham-hai-quan-viet-nam]. Acessed: 19/11/2023.
KIET, L.H., & TUYEN, N.V. (2023). Vietnam’s geopolitical position with the United States in preventing China’s hegemonic ambitions. Danang Journal of Science and Technology, 21(8): 63-69. https://jst- ud.vn/jst-ud/article/view/8630/5950
KIET, L.H. (2023). Some factors influencing the geopolitical competition between India and China in the Indian Ocean region in the 21st century. Journal of China Studies, 6 (262): 69-87.
LAN, N.V. (2018). Vietnam - India Relations: From Strategic Partnership to CSP. Available at: [https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/web/guest/quoc-phong-an-ninh-oi-ngoai1/-/2018/53393/quan-he-viet-nam---an-do--tu-doi-tac-chien-luoc-den-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien.aspx]. Access:16/02/2024.
LIEM, V.D., & THAO, N.X. (2021). China-India Competition in Southeast Asia. Truth National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi.
LINH, T. (2018). Senior Lieutenant General Nguyen Chi Vinh receives Indian Defense Attaché in Vietnam. Available at: [https://mod.gov.vn/vn/chi-tiet/sa-ttsk/sa-tt-dnqp/54a1921c-8d14-4ff0-89c7-013b2eb5c1bb]. Access: 11/03/2024.
MAI, N.T.H., & HANG, D.T. (2021). Vietnam - India CSP (2016 - 2020): Achievements and Prospects. Journal of Party History, 8(1): 97-102. https://sti.vista.gov.vn/tw/Lists/TaiLieuKHCN/Attachments/324589/CVv243S82021097.pdf
MAHONEY, J., KIMBALL, E., & KOIVU, K. L. (2009). The Logic of Historical Explanation in the Social Sciences. Comparative Political Studies, 42(1): 114-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414008325433
MUINI, S.D., & MISHRA, R. (2019). India’s Eastward Engagement: from antiquity to AEP. University of New Delhi.
NEELAKANTAN, S. (2016). India extends $500 million credit line to Vietnam to help its defence. Available at: [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-extends-500-million-credit-line-to-vietnam-to-help-it-strengthen-its-defence/articleshow/53990763.cms]. Access: 22/03/2024.
NGHI, N.T., & NGHIA, H.H.D. (2013). India’s LEP in the early 21st century: position and role in the East Sea region. Journal of Indian and Asian Studies, 32(8): 37-53.
PAODE, A. (2013). India’s LEP. The Journal of International Issues, 17(4): 86-103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48505097
SAHA, P. (2022). India-Vietnam defence ties get a major push: Decoding why Rajnath Singh’s Hanoi visit was so important. Available at: [https://www.orfonline.org/research/india-vietnam-defence-ties-get-a-major-push]. Access: 13/02/2024.
SANG, T.M. (2022). The Growing Importance of Vietnam to India’s East Sea Policy. Available at: [https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/2980923/the-growing-importance-of-vietnam-to-indias-south-china-sea-policy]. Access: 15/01/2024.
SINGH, H. (2019). New Economic Policy of 1991: Objectives, Features and Impacts. Available at: https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/new-economic-policy-of-1991-objectives-features-and-impacts-1448348633-1]. Access: 01/01/2024.
SINGH, S., & DWIVEDI, A., & PRATAP, S. (2023). Sustainable Maritime Freight Transportation: Current Status and Future Directions. Sustainability, 15(8): 69-96. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086996
SON, N.T.X. (2022). Vietnam-India Relations: 50 Years of Friendship. Available at: [https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/web/guest/quoc-phong-an-ninh-oi-ngoai1/-/2018/825650/quan-he-viet-nam---an-do--50-nam-gan-ket-tinh-huu-nghi.aspx].
Access: 29/09/2023.
THANH, H. (2023). Vietnam-India bilateral peacekeeping exercise. Available at: [https://tuoitre.vn/dien-tap-song-phuong-viet-nam-an-do-ve-gin-giu-hoa-binh-20231211172544366.htm#:~:text=Chi%E1%BB%81u%2011%2D12%2C%20t%E1%BA%A1i%20Trung,n%C4%83m%202023%20(VINBAX%202023)]. Access: 22/02/2024.
THAYER, C.A. (2016). Vietnam’s Strategy of ‘Cooperating and Struggling” with China over Maritime Disputes in the East Sea. Journal of Asia Security, 3(2): 200-220. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48601796#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20Vietnam’s%20South%20China,powers%20and%20cooperating%20and%20struggling
THU, N. (2023). Giving INS Kirpan ship to Vietnam, India wants to sell Brahmos and Akash too. Available at: [https://sputniknews.vn/20230712/tang-tau-ins-kirpan-cho-viet-nam-an-do-muon-ban-ca-brahmos-va-akash-24092497.html]. Access: 13/01/2024.
THUY, D.T. (2023). Vietnam-India Infrastructure Connectivity. Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi.
TRONG, T.V. (2017). Vietnam - India Strategic Partnership, from the perspective of defense and security. Available at: [http://tapchiqptd.vn/vi/quoc-phong-quan-su-nuoc-ngoai/quan-he-doi-tac-chien-luoc-viet-nam-an-do-duoi-goc-nhin-quoc-phong-an-ninh/10496.html]. Access: 04/03/2024.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. (2020). Military And Security Developments Involving The People’s Republic Of China. Available at: [https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF]. Access: 10/03/2024.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. (2023). Military And Security Developments Involving The People’s Republic Of China. Available at: [https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-military-and-security-developments-involving-the-peoples-republic-of-china.pdf]. Access: 28/05/2024.
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT. (2022). Review of Maritime 2022. Available at: [https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2022_en.pdf]. Access: 13/01/2024.
UYANAEV, S.V. (2022). India-Vietnam: fifty years on the path of interaction. The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 6(4): 13-22. https://doi.org/10.54631/VS.2022.64-117515
VAN, L.T.T. (2022). Global inflation in 2022 and its impact on Vietnam. Available at: [https://mof.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/vclvcstc/pages_r/l/chi-tiet-tin?dDocName=MOFUCM263689]. Access: 25/01/2024.
VIETNAM GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER. (2022). India supports ASEAN’s principled stance on the East Sea. Available at: [https://baochinhphu.vn/an-do-ung-ho-lap-truong-nguyen-tac-cua-asean-ve-bien-dong-102220617093141484.htm]. Access: 11/02/2024.
VIETNAM GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER. (2023). Bringing Vietnam-India trade turnover towards the goal of $20 billion. Available at: [https://baochinhphu.vn/dua-kim-ngach-thuong-mai-viet-nam-an-do-huong-toi-muc-tieu-20-ty-usd-102231016212026781.htm]. Access: 14/09/2023.
VIETNAM GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER. (2016). Vietnam and India raised their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Available at: [https://baochinhphu.vn/viet-nam-an-do-nang-quan-he-len-doi-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-102208539.htm]. Access: 24/01/2024.
VIETNAM MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE. (2023). Vietnam-India bilateral trade exceeds $12 billion in 11 months. Available at: [https://moit.gov.vn/tin-tuc/thi-truong-nuoc-ngoai/thi-truong-chau-a-chau-phi/thuong-mai-song-phuong-viet-nam-an-do-vuot-12-ty-usd-trong-11-thang.html]. Access: 17/09/2023.
VIETNAM MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS. (2020). India issues statement on East Sea amid US-China “head-on” verbal clash. Available at: [https://mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/tinchitiet.aspx?tintucid=143429]. Access: 14/01/2024.
VIETNAM NEWS AGENCY. (2023). Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh receives Indian Foreign Minister. Available at: https://baotintuc.vn/chinh-tri/thu-tuong-pham-minh-chinh-tiep-bo-truong-ngoai-giao-an-do-20231016215029913.htm]. Access: 11/04/2024.
VIETNAM PEOPLE’S POLICE NEWSPAPER. (2023). India invests in over 400 projects in Vietnam. Available at: [https://cand.com.vn/thi-truong/an-do-dau-tu-hon-400-du-an-vao-viet-nam-i714696/]. Access: 06/03/2023.
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2025-11-16
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Tran Xuan Hiep. (2025). India’s look east policy:: Vietnam’s pivotal role amidst China’s rising regional influence. Estudos Internacionais: Revista De Relações Internacionais Da PUC Minas, 12(3), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2024v12n3p51-73
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Derechos de autor 2025 Estudos Internacionais: Revista de Relações Internacionais da PUC Minas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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