International cooperation in the context of controlled diffusion of technology
Brazil’s strategies and technological choices in the acquisition of nuclear power plants in the 20th century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2022v10n4p23-40Keywords:
Nuclear Tecnology, International Cooperation, Brazil, 20th CenturyAbstract
This article analyzes Brazil’s processes of nuclear power plants acquisition in the 20th century, taking into account the external constraints inherent to key technological sectors and national technological strategies carried out in semi-peripheral contexts. Methodologically, it implements a comparative analysis based on process tracing, complemented with a bibliographic and documentary review. First, it examines the framework of external conditions, which include international technical cooperation and controlled diffusion of technology promoted by the nuclear powers in the Cold War context. Later, it analyzes the case of Brazil, identifying its nuclear plants acquisition strategies from previous cooperation links. Finally, it analyses the results reached. This way, the article aims to contribute to the dialogue between the fields of International Relations and the Social Studies of Science and technology.
Downloads
References
BLINDER, D. Ciencia y tecnología en política exterior: notas sobre el realismo periférico en el contexto global argentino de la década de 1990. eä, Buenos Aires, v. 3, n. 2, p. 1-28. 2011.
BLINDER, D. Argentina en el espacio: política internacional en relación a la política tecnológica y el desarrollo industrial, Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad, Colombia, v. 12, n. 1, p. 159-183. 2016.
BLINDER, D. Orden Mundial y tecnología. Análisis institucional desde la perspectiva geopolítica en la semiperiferia: la tecnología espacial y de misiles en Argentina y Brasil, Geopolítica(s). Revista de estudios sobre espacio y poder, España, v. 8, n. 2, p. 177 - 202. 2017.
CHASE-DUNN, C. Y HALL, T. Rise and Demise. Comparing World – Systems. Estados Unidos: Westview Press. 1997
CNEN. Relatório Anual, Brasil. 1967.
CNEN. Relatório Anual, Brasil. 1970.
COLLIER, D. Understanding Process Tracing, PS: Political Science and Politics, Estados Unidos. v. 44, n. 4, p. 823-830. 2011.
DA SILVA BATISTA PEREIRA, L. A Gênese do Programa Nuclear Brasileiro: Nacionalismo e Crítica ao Alinhamento Automático. XIV Encontro Regional da Associação Nacional de História, Río de Janeiro, 19 a 23 de julio de 2010.
FARIAS DE SOUZA, F. Acordo nuclear Brasil-Alemanha federal de 1975: o desafio brasileiro na busca de soberania internacional, AEDOS, Rio de Janeiro, v. 1, n. 1, p. 215-231. 2008.
HURTADO, D. Cultura tecnológico-política sectorial en contexto semiperiférico: el desarrollo nuclear en la Argentina (1945-1994), Revista CTS, Buenos Aires, v. 7, n. 21, p. 163-192. 2012.
HURTADO, D. El sueño de la Argentina atómica. Política, tecnología nuclear y desarrollo nacional (1945 – 2006), Buenos Aires: Editorial Edhasa. 2014.
HYMANS, J. Of gauchos and gringos: Why Argentina never wanted the bomb, and why the United States thought it did, Security Studies, Estados Unidos, v. 10, n. 3, p. 153-185. 2001.
KERN, A. La cooperación científica y tecnológica como campo de estudio en las relaciones internacionales, Jornadas de Relaciones Internacionales, FLACSO-Argentina, 1 y 2 de octubre de 2009.
KRASNER, S. Structural causes and regime consequences: regimes as intervining variables, International Organization, Cambridge, v. 36, n. 2. 1982.
KRIGE, J. y BARTH, K. Introduction: Science, Technology, and International Affairs, Osiris, Chicago, v. 21, n. 1, p. 1-21. 2006.
KURAMOTO, R. y APPOLONI, C. Uma breve história da política nuclear brasileira, Cadernos Brasileiros do Ensino da Física, Santa Catarina, v. 19, n. 3, p. 379-392. 2002.
LEITE LOPES, J. Ciência e libertação. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1969.
LEITE LOPES, J. Transferência de tecnologia e dependência. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, v. 31, n. 1, p. 3-8, 1979.
LEITE LOPES, J. Planejamento e implantação dos programas de pesquisa nuclear. Scientia, v. 4, n. 2, p. 7-19. 1993.
LEITE LOPES, J. Ciência e subdesenvolvimento na América Latina. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, n. 3, p. 1-7. Disponible en: https://web.archive.org/web/20050224112345fw_/http://www4.prossiga.br/lopes/ing/prodpol/cs/cs00398-02.html. Acceso en junio de 2021.
LIDSKOG, R. y SUNDQVIST, G. When Does Science Matter? International Relations Meets Science and Technology Studies, Global Environmental Politics, Estados Unidos, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-20. 2015.
LUGONES, M. Política nuclear y política energética en la Argentina. El Programa Nucleoeléctrico de la CNEA (1965-1985), Bernal, 2020. Tesis (Maestría en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes.
MALIK, A. Role of Technology in International Affairs, Nueva Dehli: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 2016.
MONIZ BANDEIRA, L. A. Brasil – Estados Unidos. A rivalidade emergente (1950 – 1988), Río de Janeiro: ABDR. 1989.
PATTI, C. O programa nuclear brasileiro: uma história oral, Rio de Janeiro: FGV. 2014.
PATTI, C. y SPEKTOR, M. ‘We Are Not a Nonproliferation Agency’. Henry Kissinger’s Failed Attempt to Accommodate Nuclear Brazil, 1974–1977, Journal of Cold War Studies, Estados Unidos, v. 22, n. 2, p. 58–93. 2020.
RIBEIRO DE ANDRADE, A. M. y LOPES DOS SANTOS, T. Desafíos do desenvolvimento tecnológico nuclear autónomo. XXIII Simpósio nacional de História. ANPUH. Londrina, 2005.
RIBEIRO, A. M. Átomos na política internacional, Revista CTS, Buenos Aires, v. 7, n. 21, p. 113-140. 2012.
RIPOLL, A. y GHOTME, R. La cooperación internacional: herramienta de desarrollo o de atraso, Revista Latinoamericana De Bioética, Colombia, v. 15, n. 28-1, p. 54-63. 2014.
SABATO, J. y MACKENZIE, M. La Producción de tecnología Autónoma o Transnacional, México DF: Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Transnacionales. 1982.
SABATO, J. Ensayos en campera, Buenos Aires: Juárez Editor. 1979.
SENRA, A. Ex Gerente de INB, Comunicación personal. 2020.
SOLINGEN, E. Macropolitical Consensus and Lateral Autonomy in Industrial Policy: The Nuclear Sector in Brazil and Argentina, International Organization, Cambridge, v. 47, n. 2, p. 263-298. 1993.
SOTOMAYOR, A. U.S.-Latin American Nuclear Relations: From Commitment to Defiance, Estados Unidos: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) y Center on Contemporary Conflict. 2012.
SOTOMAYOR, A. Brazil and Mexico in the Nonproliferation Regime, common structures and divergent trajectories in Latin America, en Fields, J. R. (ed), State Behavior and the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime, Estados Unidos: University of Georgia Press. 2014.
WIONCZEK, M. Reflexiones sobre las limitaciones de la política energética de México, Foro Internacional, México, v. 23, n. 1, p 82-89. 1982.
WIONCZEK, M. Industrialización, capital extranjero y transferencia de tecnología: la experiencia mexicana, 1930-1985, Foro Internacional, México, v. 4, n. 104, p. 550-566. 1986.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a.Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
b.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
