China-United States competition in Latin America
evolution, perspectives, and implications in the COVID-19 context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2021v9n4p43-62Keywords:
China, Latin America, United States, Covid-19, Health Silk RoadAbstract
In the last decade, China has established itself as a key player in the international system and its influence irradiates to all corners of the world. Latin America is no exception to this phenomenon. Chinese economic involvement in the region had political impacts that have led to inevitable competition with the United States. It is in this context of competition that the COVID-19 pandemic emerges bringing profound consequences for Latin American countries.
The aim of this article is to analyze the relations between Latin America and China in the context of competition with the United States and the COVID-19 pandemic. The article addresses how competition has evolved, particularly in the health area after the COVID-19 outbreak. To this end, the main actions of China in the region are discussed from a theoretical perspective of political economy and drawing on concepts as mask diplomacy and wolf warrior’s diplomacy.
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References
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IKENBERRY, J. The end of liberal international order?. International Affairs 94 (1): 7–23, 2018
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KOTSCHWAR, B. China’s Economic Influence in Latin America. Asian Economic Policy Review 9: 202–222, 2014.
LA VANGUARDIA. China y Vargas Llosa se pelean por el coronavirus. Retrieved from https://www.lavanguardia.com/libros/20200317/474226470985/vargas-llosa-china-coronavirus.html, 2019
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LIANG, W. Pulling the Region into its Orbit? China’s Economic Statecraft in Latin America. Journal of Chinese Political Science: 1-17, 2019.
MAYER, M. China’s historical statecraft and the return of history. International Affairs 94(6): 1217-1236, 2018.
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MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. Conferencia de Prensa Habitual Ofrecida 24 de Marzo de 2020 por Geng Shuang. Retrieved from https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/xwfw/lxjzzdh/t1760929.shtml, 2020.
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NOLAN, P. “Preface”. In FANG, C & NOLAN, P (eds). Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road. New York: Routledge, pp. xxi-xxiv, 2019.
OFFICE OF THE LEADING GROUP FOR THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE. Building the Belt and Road: Concept, Practice and China’s Contribution. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 2017
PARRA PÉREZ, A. OBOR: las 5 claves de la mayor iniciativa de infraestructuras mundial liderada por China. Documento Opinión 113, Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos; 1-20, 2017.
PAZ, G. “Rising China’s “offensive” in Latin America and the U.S reaction”. Asian Perspective 30 (4), pp. 95-112, 2006.
PU, X. Controversial Identity of a Rising China. Chinese Journal of International Politics, 10(2): 131–149, 2017.
QIN, Y. “Continuity through Change: Background Knowledge and China’s International Strategy”. Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 7, No. 3 (2014): 285–314, 2014.
REN, M. “Global health and the Belt and Road Initiative”, Global Health Journal 2 (4): 1-4, 2018.
ROLLAND, N. “China's Belt and Road Initiative. Five Years Later”. Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. January 25. Retrieved https://www.nbr.org/publication/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-five-years-later/, 2018.
RUBIOLO, F. “South America-Asia Pacific relations: Belt and Road and beyond”, en Observatorio América Latina-Asia Pacífico (comp.), América Latina y Asia: entre la revolución digital y una globalización cuestionada. Montevideo: ALADI, CAF, CEPAL. [en prensa], 2020.
SCOBELL, A. & HAROLD, S. An “Assertive” China? Insights from Interviews. Asian Security, 9(2): 111-131, 2013.
SHAMBAUGH, D. China Goes Global: The Partial Power. New York: Oxford University Press. 2013.
SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. Jack Ma donates masks, medical supplies to help coronavirus fight in Asia and Latin America. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3076319/jack-ma-donates-18-million-masks-medical-supplies-help, 2020.
SWAINE, M. Perceptions of an Assertive China. China Leadership Monitor, 32: 1-19, 2010.
TANG, K; ZHIHUI, L; WENKAI, L & CHEN, L. China's Silk Road and global health. The Lancet 390: 2595-2601. Retrieved from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32898-2/fulltext, 2017.
TOJE, A. Will China's rise be peaceful? Security, Stability and Legitimitacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
TU REPÚBLICA. Arrogancia y prejuicio perjudican la lucha internacional contra el COVID-19. Retrieved from https://turepublica.com/noticias/arrogancia-y-prejuicio-perjudican-la-lucha-internacional-contra-el-covid-19/, 2020.
URDINEZ, F & MASIERO, G. China and the WTO: Will the Market Economy Status Make Any Difference after 2016?, The Chinese Economy, 48 (2): 155-172, 2015.
US DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Official Launch of the Growth in the Americas Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/official-launch-of-the-growth-in-the-americas-initiative/, 2019.
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES. U.S. Statement on Taiwan's Participation at the World Health Assembly. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/05/19/us-statement-on-taiwan-participation-at-the-world-health-assembly.html.
VADELL, J. China-CELAC Forum and the new regionalism for a multipolar world: the challenges for South-South Cooperation, Revista Carta Internacional 13 (1): 6-37, 2018.
WALT, S. “Rising Powers and the Risks of War”. In Will China's rise be peaceful? Security, Stability and Legitimacy, editing by TOJE, A. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
WANG, Y & LI, S. The Belt and Road Initiative framework. In FANG, C & NOLAN, P (eds), Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road, New York: Routledge, pp. 99-105, 2019.
WEN, J. “Vigorously Promoting Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Between China and the European Union”. Speech at the China-EU Investment and Trade Forum. Retrieved from http://www.chinamission.be/eng/zt/t101949.htm, 2004.
WISE, C. U.S.-China Competition in the Western Hemisphere. In TELLIS, A., SZALWINSKI, A. & WILLS, M. U.S.-China Competition for Global Influence, Washington: National Bureau of Asian Research, pp. 276-305.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Background on supplementary agenda. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA73/Background_on_supplementary_agenda.pdf, 2020
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Published
2022-01-10
How to Cite
Rubiolo, F., & Telias, D. (2022). China-United States competition in Latin America: evolution, perspectives, and implications in the COVID-19 context . Estudos Internacionais: International Relations Journal of PUC Minas, 9(4), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2021v9n4p43-62
Issue
Section
Special Issue: China
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